Prior to the development of the Aotearoa diagnostic guidelines, diagnosis in New Zealand was based on those developed in Australia, which in turn were based on Canada's clinical guidelines. Other countries around the world have their own – here are a few. 

Australia

The Australian guidelines were updated in May 2025 on the FASD Hub. The new update also assesses nine neurodevelopment domains, like our 2024 Diagnostic Guidelines. Find out more here. 

The NOFASD website has information on the new guidelines too which they have set out differently – click here to read. 

Canada

Read the Canadian diagnostic guidelines here with a more clinical paper here.

Italy

The Italian guidelines were updated at the end of 2024. Read here. 

Scotland

Read here.